Control by the bishop of Winchester was ineffectual as the islands had turned overwhelmingly Calvinist and the episcopacy was not restored until 1620 in Jersey and 1663 in Guernsey. The Channel Islands (Norman: Îles d'la Manche; French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. On 20 August 2013, Huelin-Renouf, which had operated a "lift-on lift-off" container service for 80 years between the Port of Southampton and the Port of Jersey, ceased trading. Although the words derive from a common root ('bail' = 'to give charge of') there is a vast difference between the meanings of the word 'bailiff' in Great Britain and in the Channel Islands; a bailiff in Britain is a court-appointed private debt-collector authorised to collect judgment debts, in the Channel Islands, the Bailiff in each bailiwick is the civil head, presiding officer of the States, and also head of the judiciary, and thus the most important citizen in the bailiwick. Even though Switzerland is not an EEA member, its citizens enjoy similar benefits in the UK. [53], Cricket is popular in the Channel Islands. The EEA is composed of all EU members states as well as the following: Iceland. [28] The islands decided not to join the European Economic Community when the UK joined, and remain outside. As the Channel Islands are not a part of the EU and do not benefit from the UK's membership (except for the provisions of Protocol 3 concerning trade in goods), Brexit will have no direct impact on the Channel Islands' financial services industries and a limited impact on trade in goods. Wealthy French émigrés fleeing the Revolution sought residency in the islands. In Jersey, potatoes are an important export crop, shipped mostly to the UK. This has been ascribed to a range of factors including the physical separation of the Islands, the density of troops (up to one German for every two Islanders), the small size of the Islands precluding any hiding places for resistance groups, and the absence of the Gestapo from the occupying forces. See EEA disambiguation page for other meanings of EEA.. Services are held in a number of languages. Common Agriculture and Fisheries Policies (although the Agreement contains provisions on various aspects of trade Islanders are full British citizens, but were not classed as European citizens unless by descent from a UK national. Any British citizen who applies for a passport in Jersey or Guernsey receives a passport bearing the words "British Islands, Bailiwick of Jersey" or "British Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey". Therefore EEA contains same countries as SEPA with the … [38], Tourism is still important however, Jersey and Guernsey have, since the 1960s, become major offshore financial centres. The two bailiwicks have been administered separately since the late 13th century. The European Economic Area (EEA) comprises the countries of the European Union (EU), plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway and was established on 1 January 1994.. The Canary Islands are a Spanish archipelago off the African coast which form one of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain –the country's principal first-level administrative division. the Crown, the Church, and the people). A similar thing with Greenland and the Faroes which are neither part of the EU even though they are Danish autonomous dependencies. At the Reformation, the previously Roman Catholic islands converted to Calvinism under the influence of an influx of French-language pamphlets published in Geneva. The islands were invaded by the French in 1338, who held some territory until 1345. This notwithstanding, it is a matter of local pride for monarchists to treat the situation otherwise: the Loyal toast at formal dinners is to 'The Queen, our Duke', rather than to 'Her Majesty, The Queen' as in the UK.[33]. The Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Gibraltar are not within the EEA. 2) The above statement implies that products that have been on the market or in service in any of the following areas, before the implementation of a directive, are excluded from [41] Guernsey had a GDP of £3.2 billion in 2018[42][43] and with a stable population of around 66,000 has had a steadily rising GDP which in 2018 passed £52,000. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy and, although they are not part of the United Kingdom,[3] the UK is responsible for the defence and international relations of the islands. [20] Alderney had the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil.[22][23]. The Isle of Wight, for example, is not a "Channel Island", despite being located in the Channel. Code for developers. The British Government demilitarised the islands in June 1940, and the lieutenant-governors were withdrawn on 21 June, leaving the insular administrations to continue government as best they could under impending military occupation.[20]. It is responsible for wireless telegraphy licensing throughout the islands, and by agreement, for broadcasting regulation in the two large islands only. In 1066, William II of Normandy invaded and conquered England, becoming William I of England, also known as William the Conqueror. 28 member states within EU; three of the four member states of the EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). It was retaken by the Yorkists in 1468. [52], The annual "Muratti", the inter-island football match, is considered the sporting event of the year, although, due to broadcast coverage, it no longer attracts the crowds of spectators, travelling between the islands, that it did during the twentieth century. Chausey is referred to as an 'Île normande' (as opposed to anglo-normande). The islands' bailiffs, however, still retain their historic roles. EEA students can take part in the same UK programs as EU students. Bailiwick Radio broadcasts two music services online, through Apple & Android apps and on TuneIn. [34] Each island has its own primary legislature, known as the States of Guernsey and the States of Jersey, with Chief Pleas in Sark and the States of Alderney. [12]:5–10 Jersey was occupied by the French in 1461 as part of an exchange of helping the Lancastrians fight against the Yorkists during The War of the Roses. The Jersey cricket team and the Guernsey cricket team are both associate members of the International Cricket Council. In 1259, his successor, Henry III of England, by the Treaty of Paris, officially surrendered his claim and title to the Duchy of Normandy, while the King of France gave up claim to the Channel Islands, which was based upon his position as feudal overlord of the Duke of Normandy. The other two are a 7.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap} 1⁄4 in (184 mm) gauge miniature railway, also on Alderney, and the heritage steam railway operated on Jersey as part of the Pallot Heritage Steam Museum. The systems of government in the islands date from Norman times, which accounts for the names of the legislatures, the States, derived from the Norman 'États' or 'estates' (i.e. Guernsey neither contributes to, nor directly receives anything from, the funds of the European Union. The Channel Islands and the European Union. A number of islands in the English Channel are part of France. They are an incorporated part of the commune of Granville (Manche). Many young men had already left to join the Allied armed forces, as volunteers. However, during the transition period EU law continues to apply. In the early 21st century, the existence of governmental offices such as the bailiffs' with multiple roles straddling the different branches of government came under increased scrutiny for their apparent contravention of the doctrine of separation of powers—most notably in the Guernsey case of McGonnell -v- United Kingdom (2000) 30 EHRR 289. Jersey always operated its own telephone services independently of Britain's national system, Guernsey established its own telephone service in 1968. The Duchy of Normandy. Today, Evangelical churches have been established. These services are provided by BBC Radio Jersey, BBC Radio Guernsey, BBC Channel Islands, ITV Channel Television, Island FM, and Channel 103. It includes the Azores, Madeira ( Portugal ), the Ǻland islands ( Finland ), the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla ( Spain ) and the French overseas departments. The waters around the islands include the following: The highest point in the islands is Les Platons in Jersey at 143 metres (469 ft) above sea level. The EEA is an agency of the European Union. You will also find other legal documents, such as all adopted Joint Committee Decisions and the EEA status of EU legal acts. Shooting is a popular sport, in which islanders have won Commonwealth medals. The lowest point is the English Channel (sea level). However, pursuant to the Treaty of Paris (1259), she governs in her right as The Queen (the "Crown in right of Jersey",[31] and the "Crown in right of the république of the Bailiwick of Guernsey"),[32] and not as the Duke. Laws passed by the States are given royal assent by The Queen in Council, to whom the islands' governments are responsible. The Channel islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and numerous other places are British crown dependendancies and therefore not part of the UK. Television programmes are broadcast from the Frémont Point transmitting station. There are several local newspapers including the Guernsey Press and the Jersey Evening Post and magazines. The EEA extends the single market to all 31 member states and allows nationals of participating countries to travel freely between them. [49] There are four main dialects/languages of Norman in the islands, Auregnais (Alderney, extinct in late twentieth century), Dgèrnésiais (Guernsey), Jèrriais (Jersey) and Sercquiais (Sark, an offshoot of Jèrriais). Tourism 4.5% with agriculture contributing just 1.2% and manufacturing even lower at 1.1%. The States have evolved over the centuries into democratic parliaments. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man have Associate Member status. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (including Gibraltar, excluding the Channel Islands, BNO passport holders and Isle of Man) From 31 January 2020 the UK is no longer an EU/EEA member state. Bitte die mit * gekennzeichneten Felder ausfüllen. There were probably some Celtic Britons who settled on the Islands in the 5th and 6th centuries AD (the indigenous Celts of Great Britain, and the ancestors of the modern Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons) who had emigrated from Great Britain in the face of invading Anglo-Saxons. In Saint Peter Port, a large part of the harbour had been built by 1865. The Roman name for the Channel Islands was I. Lenuri (Lenur Islands) and is included in the Peutinger Table[9]:4 The traditional Latin names used for the islands (Caesarea for Jersey, Sarnia for Guernsey, Riduna for Alderney) derive (possibly mistakenly) from the Antonine Itinerary. GVA has fluctuated between £4.5 and £5 billion for 20 years. The Eionet core data flows page provides an overview of these data flows, which are a subset of the key data reported by EEA member and cooperating countries using the Reportnet tools. The Channel Islands (Norman: Îles d'la Manche; French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche)[note 1] are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. EEA is short for European Economic Area. The Agreement on the EEA entered into force on 1 January 1994. Guernsey (GBG): a number of up to five digits; This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 10:00. The German garrison in Alderney was left until 16 May, and it was one of the last of the Nazi German remnants to surrender. Occupational exposure limit (OEL) values are derived within two legal frameworks that form an integral part of the EU’s mechanism for protecting the health of … Link to EU Commission's website on membership status, Next Section: Import of American Sport Boats - Requirements on Exhaust Emissions. Switzerland is a member of EF TA but is not a member of the EEA. The following countries are part of the European Economic Area (EEA): - The Netherlands - Bulgaria - Romania - Belgium - Luxembourg - France - Germany - Italy - Ireland - Denmark - Greece - Spain - Portugal - Austria - Finland - Sweden - Cyprus - Estonia - Hungary - Latvia - Lithuania - Malta - Poland - Slovenia - Slovakia - Czech Republic However, Switzerland no longer participates in the European Economic Area. The UK Parliament has power to legislate for the islands, but Acts of Parliament do not extend to the Islands automatically. Modern broadband speeds are available in all the islands, including VDSL for home and business. [29] Since the 1990s, declining profitability of agriculture and tourism has challenged the governments of the islands. scope. Liechtenstein. The Channel Islands are not represented in the UK Parliament. In 2001 and 2002, the Channel Islands entered a team into the MCCA Knockout Trophy, the one-day tournament of the minor counties of English and Welsh cricket. A regular passenger ferry service on the Commodore Clipper goes from both Channel Island ports to Portsmouth daily, and carries both passengers and freight. But there were not enough of them to leave any trace and the islands continued to be ruled by the king of the Franks and its church remained part of the diocese of Coutances. For about two hundred years, the islands, along with Normandy and England, were united but the islands were administered from Normandy. There was considerable hunger and privation during the five years of German occupation, particularly in the final months when the population was close to starvation. [25] Many land mines were laid, with 65,718 land mines laid in Jersey alone.[26]. The two major islands are Jersey and Guernsey. The Royal Navy blockaded the islands from time to time, particularly following the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944. The Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Gibraltar are not within the EEA. Both bailiwicks are members of the British–Irish Council, and Jèrriais and Guernésiais are recognised regional languages of the islands. Fifty years later, the ferry route between the Channel Islands and the UK is operated by Condor Ferries from both St Helier, Jersey and St Peter Port, Guernsey, using high-speed catamaran fast craft to Poole in the UK. It allows them to be part of the EU’s single market. The Bailiwick of Guernsey is divided into three jurisdictions – Guernsey, Alderney and Sark – each with its own legislature. Before German troops landed, between 30 June and 4 July 1940, evacuation took place. Many of the rules that apply for the EEA countries also apply for Switzerland, Norway and The Faroe Islands. According to 2015 statistics, 39% of the population was non-religious.[59][60]. [21], Following the liberation of 1945, reconstruction led to a transformation of the economies of the islands, attracting immigration and developing tourism. Now, Croatia has submitted an application to participate. Jubilee Hospital Radio provided Guernsey hospitals with a radio service, Radio Lions serves Jersey hospitals. Christianity was brought to the islands around the sixth century; according to tradition, Jersey was evangelised by St Helier, Guernsey by St Samson of Dol, and the smaller islands were occupied at various times by monastic communities representing strands of Celtic Christianity. The term "Channel Islands" began to be used around 1830, possibly first by the Royal Navy as a collective name for the islands. Software version: EEA Plone KGS 20.11.21. For the most part the islands legislate for themselves. [21] Thousands of children were evacuated with their schools to England and Scotland. The following states are "EU applicants" and may become EU members in … [5]:158 The term refers only to the archipelago to the west of the Cotentin Peninsula. Switzerland is a member of EFTA but is not a member of the EEA. Under Protocol 3, the Islands are part of the Customs Union and can trade in goods and agricultural products as if … [13] The young King Richard II of England reconfirmed in 1378 the Charter rights granted by his grandfather, followed in 1394 with a second Charter granting, because of great loyalty shown to the Crown, exemption for ever, from English tolls, customs and duties. Many Spaniards, initially refugees from the Spanish Civil War, were brought to the islands to build fortifications. Further national information will be published later in 2019 as a part of the The European environment — state and outlook 2020 r eport (SOER 2020). They have been parts of the Duchy of Normandy since the tenth century, and Queen Elizabeth II is often referred to by her traditional and conventional title of Duke of Normandy. [4] The Crown dependencies are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations nor of the European Union. The legislatures were reformed and non-party governments embarked on social programmes, aided by the incomes from offshore finance, which grew rapidly from the 1960s. The Isle of Sark Shipping Company operates small ferries to Sark. In September 2010, a Channel Islands Brussels Office was set up jointly by the two Bailiwicks to develop the Channel Islands' influence with the EU, to advise the Channel Islands' governments on European matters, and to promote economic links with the EU.[36]. It was not until the early 1990s that the islands joined the UK's postcode system, Jersey postcodes using the initials JE and Guernsey GY. The earliest evidence of human occupation of the Channel Islands has been dated to 250,000 years ago when they were attached to the landmass of continental Europe. Products that fall within the scope of a directive must comply when first put on the market or put into service in any of the following areas. Switzerland is not an EU member nor a signatory to the EEA, but they have transposed the Medical Devices Directives into their national law and these countries require CE Marking. Introduction. Moreover, much of the population of military age had joined the British Army already. Although there are a few pan-island institutions (such as the Channel Islands office to the EU in Brussels, which is actually a joint venture between the bailiwicks), these tend to be established structurally as equal projects between Guernsey and Jersey. They include two Crown dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm and some smaller islands. Only three of the four countries that belong to … Below is a list of all EEA countries that are all part of the freedom of movement for workers. Many of the evacuees who returned home had difficulty reconnecting with their families after five years of separation. Switzerland, previously participating, was neither an EU nor EEA member but was part of the single market so Swiss nationals had the same rights to live and work in EEA countries as other EEA nationals. The teams have played each other in the inter-insular match since 1957. Ferry services to Normandy are operated by Manche Îles Express, and services between Jersey and Saint-Malo are operated by Compagnie Corsaire and Condor Ferries. The population of Sark largely remained where they were;[20] but in Alderney, all but six people left. It allows the EEA EFTA States (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) to participate in the Internal Market on the basis of their application of Internal Market relevant acquis. Submarine cables connect the various islands and provide connectivity with England and France. For the purposes of the British Nationality Act 1981, the "British Islands" include the United Kingdom (Great Britain and Northern Ireland), the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, taken together, unless the context otherwise requires. The Chausey Islands south of Jersey are not generally included in the geographical definition of the Channel Islands but are occasionally described in English as 'French Channel Islands' in view of their French jurisdiction. These are believed to be from the Old Norse ey (island) and holmr (islet). [41], Jersey has had a steadily rising population, increasing from below 90,000 in 2000 to over 105,000 in 2018 which combined with a flat GVA has resulted in GVA per head of population falling from £57,000 to £44,000 per person. Both islands still form part of the British telephone numbering plan, but Ofcom on the mainlines does not have responsibility for telecommunications regulatory and licensing issues on the islands. The islands are not part of the United Kingdom or European Union, but rather are possessions of the British Crown with independent administrations. The Channel Islands (“the Islands”) consist of the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey. [39] Historically Guernsey's horticultural and greenhouse activities have been more significant than in Jersey, and Guernsey has maintained light industry as a higher proportion of its economy than Jersey. Today there are three working railways in the Channel Islands, of which the Alderney Railway is the only one providing a regular timetabled passenger service. In the sixth century, Christian missionaries visited the islands. In simple terms, the Island is treated as part of the European Community or EU market for the purposes of free trade in goods, but otherwise is not a part of the EU. Intense negotiations resulted in some humanitarian aid being sent via the Red Cross, leading to the arrival of Red Cross parcels in the supply ship SS Vega in December 1944. [50], Victor Hugo spent many years in exile, first in Jersey and then in Guernsey, where he finished Les Misérables. Hoards of Armorican coins have been excavated, providing evidence of trade and contact in the Iron Age period. Among the legal heritage from Norman law is the Clameur de haro. Due to the destruction of documents, it is impossible to state how many forced workers died in the other islands. UK stamps are no longer valid, but mail to the islands, and to the Isle of Man, is charged at UK inland rates. Since then, the Channel Islands have been governed as possessions of the Crown and were never absorbed into the Kingdom of England and its successor kingdoms of Great Britain and the United Kingdom. They have a total population of about 170,499, and the bailiwicks' capitals, Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port, have populations of 33,500 and 18,207, respectively. The Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Gibraltar are not within the EEA. There are three airports in the Channel Islands; Alderney Airport, Guernsey Airport and Jersey Airport, which are directly connected to each other by services operated by Blue Islands and Aurigny. The numerous dolmens and other archaeological sites extant and recorded in history demonstrate the existence of a population large enough and organised enough to undertake constructions of considerable size and sophistication, such as the burial mound at La Hougue Bie[8] in Jersey or the statue menhirs of Guernsey. continued the work. They make up 99% of the population and 92% of the area. [7] The islands became detached by rising sea levels in the Neolithic period. The European Economic Area (the EEA) includes all EU countries and also Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Historically there have been railway networks on Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, but all of the lines on Jersey and Guernsey have been closed and dismantled. [40], Jersey is heavily reliant on financial services, with 39.2% of Gross Value Added (GVA) in 2018 contributed by the sector. Guernsey is not part of the European Union. The end of the occupation came after VE-Day on 8 May 1945, Jersey and Guernsey being liberated on 9 May. The Isle of Wight, which is part of England, lies just off the coast of Great Britain, between the Channel and the Solent. In Alderney, the occupying Germans built four camps in which over 700 people out of a total worker population of about 6,000 died. [citation needed], Various attempts to transfer the islands from the diocese of Coutances (to Nantes (1400), Salisbury (1496), and Winchester (1499)) had little effect until an Order in Council of 1569 brought the islands formally into the diocese of Winchester. Many of the town domiciles existing today were built in that time. Each has its own independent laws, elections, and representative bodies (although in modern times, politicians from the islands' legislatures are in regular contact). Otherwise, entities proclaiming membership of both Guernsey and Jersey might in fact be from one bailiwick only, for instance the Channel Islands Securities Exchange is in Saint Peter Port (and therefore Guernsey). Usually, an Act gives power to extend its application to the islands by an Order in Council, after consultation. 1) Products that fall within the scope of a directive must comply when first put on the market or put into service in any of the following areas. [12]:2–4 Owain Lawgoch, a mercenary leader of a Free Company in the service of the French Crown, attacked Jersey and Guernsey in 1372, and in 1373 Bertrand du Guesclin besieged Mont Orgueil. The EEA links the EU member states and three EFTA states (Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway) into an internal market governed by the same basic … Both are British Crown dependencies, and neither is a part of the United Kingdom. The above statement implies that products that have been on the market or in service in any of the following areas, before the implementation of a directive, are excluded from They were historically linked to the Duchy of Normandy, but they are part of the French territory along with continental Normandy, and not part of the British Isles or of the Channel Islands in a political sense. It allows them to be part of the EU’s single market. Here you can find the main text of the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA), as well as updated versions of all Annexes and Protocols. However, the Channel Islands Brussels Office (CIBO) ensures that Jersey’s interests are promoted in Europe. Under the provisions of Protocol Three, Channel Islanders who do not have a close connection with the UK (no parent or grandparent from the UK, and have never been resident in the UK for a five-year period) did not automatically benefit from the EU provisions on free movement within the EU, and their passports received an endorsement to that effect. They include two Crown dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm and some smaller islands. In the late twentieth century, a strong Roman Catholic presence re-emerged with the arrival of numerous Portuguese workers (both from mainland Portugal and the island of Madeira). Be from the beginning of the EEA includes EU are the channel islands part of the eea and also Iceland, Liechtenstein and.. 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