Abstract. The blood level of ethylene glycol in fatal poisoning may vary widely among individuals. Ethylene glycol is a type of alcohol found in automotive and household products. 2. The chemical formula for ethylene glycol is C 2 H 6 O 2, and its molecular weight is 62.07 g/mol. This study was designed to establish no-observed-effect levels (NOELs) for developmental toxicity of EG administered by gavage in both rodent species. Its toxicity is marked by psychological effects, such as altered mental status, and difficulty breathing … (1,4,5) Ethylene glycol is odorless. Ethylene glycol toxicity is a type of toxic leukoencephalopathy. These 95% commercial antifreeze preparations are diluted ~50% with water when used in vehicle cooling systems. C. 7 mg/L (7 ppm) Diagnosing such poisoning can be problematic in the absence of a clear history of ingestion, especially in patients who present with altered mental status or those who deny such consumption. In suspected ethylene glycol toxicity time is of the essence. EPA recommends that, for a life-time ethylene glycol exposure of an adult, the limit should be no more than a daily total of 1990). 1999). To review relevant content, see Environment in this section. Treatment was initiated 4 or 8 hours later and consisted of giving (intraperitoneal injection, IP) 5 ml of 20% ethanol in isotonic saline solution and 6 ml of 5% sodium bicarbonate in isotonic saline solution per kilogram of body weight. Several deaths are recorded annually in the U.S. alone. C. calcium oxalate or hippurate crystalluria (3) The vapor pressure for ethylene glycol … The government has developed regulations and guidelines for ethylene glycol. Despite ingesting a lethal amount of ethylene glycol, the patient survived due to prompt medical attention and aggressive treatment using hemodialysis [30]. 15. 2010 Jun;6(2):131-4 full-text Boyer EW, Mejia M, Woolf A, Shannon M. Severe ethylene glycol ingestion treated without hemodialysis. People sometimes drink ethylene glycol … An elevated serum level of ethylene glycol confirms ethylene glycol poisoning. However, recent studies argued if Wood's lamp determination of urine fluorescence could be a reliable diagnostic test (Casavant, Shah et al. Ethylene glycol produces CNS depression similar to that of ethanol. The volume of distribution is about 0.7 L.kg. TIME COURSE: After ingestion, ethylene glycol is rapidly absorbed (within 1 to 4 hours) through the stomach.Following absorption, 80% or more of ethylene glycol is chemically converted by the body into toxic compounds. In such cases, the patient may initially develop an osmolal gap but will not immediately develop acidosis or an anion gap. Download Printer-Friendly version [PDF - 496 KB], After completing this section, you will be able to. Reproductive Toxicity for Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether June, 2004 Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Section Summary The maximum allowable dose level (MADL) for ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) is 63 micrograms/day (µg/day) for the oral route of exposure. 2004). Results of these laboratory tests will confirm the presence and degree of metabolic acidosis and allow calculation of the anion and osmolal gaps (Figure 2). The Alcohols/Ethylene Glycol Blood Level calculator provides antidote dosing for single, acute ingestions of ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol. Initial symptoms of ethylene glycol intoxication (0.5 to 12 hours after ingestion) are due to the direct toxicity of ethylene glycol. Course: WB 1103 Wiley FH, Hueper WC, von Oettingen WF.The toxicity and potential dangers of ethylene glycol.J 3. Upon ingestion, ethylene glycol is oxidized to glycolic acid, which is, in turn, oxidized to oxalic acid, which is toxic. This test measures the level of ethylene glycol in the blood. (Concise international chemical assessment document ; 45) 1.Ethylene glycol - toxicity 2.Ethylene glycol - adverse effects 3.Risk assessment 4.Environmental exposure 5.No-observed-adverse-effect level I.International Programme on Chemical Safety II.Series ISBN 92 4 153045 6 (NLM Classification: QD 305.A4) Rosano et al. It tastes sweet. A normal osmolar gap can range from -14 to +10, and potentially toxic ethylene glycol ingestions can be hidden within an apparently normal osmolar … Absence of urinary crystals, however, does not rule out poisoning. These are designed to protect the public from potential adverse health effects. CNS effects predominate and include inebriation (without the alcohol odor on the breath), slurred speech, drowsiness, somnolence, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, ataxia, myoclonic jerks, and gastrointestinal upset. Because some antifreeze products contain fluorescein, the urine may fluoresce under a Wood's lamp (Winter, Ellis et al. Numerous studies have documented that renal damage occurs after ethylene glycol ingestion without deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney (Vale 1979; Hall AH 1992). A small osmolal gap may, however, represent a significant alcohol level. Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Toxicity What Are the U.S. Standards for Ethylene Glycol Exposure Levels? ... the acidosis has resolved and there are no signs of systemic toxicity or until the ethylene glycol level is undetectable. Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. People sometimes drink ethylene glycol by mistake or on purpose as a substitute for drinking alcohol. As ethylene glycol is metabolized the osmol gap will decrease, but the anion gap will increase (unless fomepizole is used). Findings determine how much ethylene glycol has metabolized to glycol acid. This test measures the level of ethylene glycol in the blood. To review relevant content, see Introduction in this section. It normally takes 3-6 hours to be excreted via urine, if the kidneys are not damaged by the toxicity caused by ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting chemical. C. 200 mg/m3 All animals are susceptible to ethylene glycol (EG) toxicity, but it is most common in dogs and cats. Ethylene glycol is poisonous. 16. A. Ethylene glycol (EG) was orally administered to 27 cats at dose levels of 4, 6, or 8 ml/kg of body weight. 20 mg/L (20 ppm) They also recommend that adults be exposed to no more than a daily total of 7 mg/L (7 ppm) for a lifetime. However, when large quantities of ethanol and ethylene glycol are ingested concurrently, metabolic acidosis may be inhibited or delayed. Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. B. normochloremic metabolic acidosis Ingestion of ethylene glycol (120 mg/kg body weight or 0.1 mL/kg body weight) can result in a toxic concentration. Conversely, failure to find an osmolal gap may lead to the erroneous assumption that no exogenous substances are present. Often times we are left to … (Gastritis some times occurs early, as would symptoms caused by other substances in the case of a mixed ingestion). Lactic acidosis or propylene glycol intoxication also is capable of causing metabolic acidosis with osmolal gap. Introduction. 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