in diameter. Ahrens, S. Willits, and D.E. They have lustrous, bright green foliage in summer that changes to brilliant yellow in fall. Leaves are 3-7 cm (1.2-2.8 in) long that are shiny, smooth, green, cordate (heart-shaped) with white veins and coarse crenate-serrate teeth on the margins. Cuttings are planted in spring to a depth of 12 to 16 in., with at least one leaf bud aboveground. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20:1089-1097. Sixty percent of the total volume (456 MMCF) of black cottonwood is found in the Puget Sound subregion. Wind breakage is also common, and although their root systems are windfirm, erosion of river banks commonly topples trees. 5 strong cuttings of “Black Madeira KK” variety, 8-10” long! The nail-holding strength of the wood is low. Partial lignifiedcutting will be approximately 6-8 long with 3-5nodesand cut from the tree on shipping date. For sawlog or veneer production, moderate crowding is necessary to maintain stem form, reduce branching and forking, and induce self-pruning. Most of the remaining volume is evenly distributed between the other regions in Washington and the Northwest subregion of Oregon. They should be covered in burlap and thoroughly wetted daily. Zone 0; Zone 1; Zone 2; Zone 3; Zone 4; Zone 5; Zone 6; Zone 7; Zone 8; Zone 9; A hardiness zone is a geographically defined area where a given plant is capable of growing. Butt-cuts yielded more rooted cuttings than second-cuts, and those which rooted grew faster. Verein fuer Forstliche Standortskunde und Forstpflanzenzuchtung 24:68. In pure stands, dominance is rapidly expressed and inferior trees die out quickly. long and 0.4 to 1.2 in. BASSMAN, J.H., and J.C. ZWIER. Our standard live stakes have ½ - 1½ inches diameter. Ecological Role Black cottonwood is a pioneer species specifically adapted to colonizing and dominating areas disturbed by floodwaters. Using Trees as Medicine. Select healthy stems with young, green growth, measure about 5-10 cm of stem for each cutting, and snip just below the nodes with sterilized scissors. Distribution: Black Cottonwood is found from coastal Alaska to the mountains of California, with some growing as far south as northwest Mexico. Cottonwood regeneration is common after logging on more upland sites in northern Washington. Cruising and Harvesting Diameter at breast height and total height can be used with tables or equations to estimate total tree volumes in cubic feet and sawlog volume. Cuttings are a mainstay for bioengineering techniques-techniques that incorporate live plant materials in engineering practices for stabilizing soil: live crib walls, brush mattresses, soil lifts, retaining walls, fascines, rip rap, and gabions. Cuttings root most readily if they are cut and planted in late fall through early spring, when dormant. Salicaceae -- Willow family. Fascines are generally 4-8 inches thick and 6-12 feet long. Protection or prevention of damage may be necessary to avoid severe losses. Our cuttings always ship freshly cut from their mother tree and prepare for rooting while on their way to you ! It grows in an upright form to a height of 100 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Cuttings root most readily if they are cut and planted in late fall through early spring, when dormant. Decay fungi are common; two species are noted for significant damage in British Columbia, Spongipellis delectans and Pholiota destruens. 1995. Despite these apparent shortcomings, cottonwoods show some potential as framing materials because their strength properties are comparable to those of currently used softwood species of similar densities. STETTLER, D.P. Category People & Blogs; ... rooting Lombardy poplar cuttings and cottonwood and Aspen cuttings. Variation in Melampsora occidentalis rust on poplars in the Pacific Northwest. Raptors such as osprey frequently nest in cottonwood. Elevation Black cottonwood grows from sea level to 6000 ft at the northern end of its range, to 5000 ft in the Cascade Range, and up to 7000 ft in interior mountains. HINCKLEY, and R.F. Suitability and Productivity of Sites There are no guides for estimating site productivity for black cottonwood in Oregon and Washington. We find that willows and black cottonwood generally have the highest success rates. 1 Black Madeira figcuttings from 4 year old mother tree. 1990. Fungal decay is common in wood after weather damage to tops, producing good conditions for cavity-nesting birds. nuisance. The high MC, however, does not cause an unnecessarily elongated schedule. Regeneration also occurs from abcised shoots with green leaves, which root where they fall or are deposited by water. Fax: (360) 867-0007 STOVER, C.H. HANLEY, and R.W. 1990. Its resistance to cupping and checking associated with outdoor exposure and weathering is very poor. Brian smith 4,350 views. Step 2: Gently heat. long. We provide complete consulting services for designing and constructing projects using live stakes and cuttings. Salix sitchensis, Sitka willow: Good rooter, common on streams, Salix lucida (lasiandra), Pacific willow: Good rooter, common in wetlands and riparian zones, somewhat brittle and thus more difficult to pound, Salix scouleriana, Scouler willow: Drier sites and marine shores, roots slowly, often lower success rate than other willows, Salix hookeriana (piperi), Hooker willow: Occurs mainly within 5 miles of salt water, good rooter, Salix geyeriana, Geyer willow: Good rooter, Populus balsamifera, Black cottonwood: Good rooter, becomes a tall (>100') tree, Symphoricapos albus, Snowberry: low-growing shrub, tolerates dry soil and sun, good rooter, rhizomatous, excellent for erosion control, Cornus sericea, Red-osier dogwood: Inconsistent results, sometimes high success rate but other times much lower success rate than willows, Other species may be available upon request. Making a rooting compound with Black cottonwood in 5 easy steps! Rooting Cuttings of Cottonwood, WilIow, and Sycamore. Durability Black cottonwood is a nondurable species that will degrade rapidly if exposed to conditions favorable to decay organisms. Cottonwoods mature as early as 60 years and live at least 200 years. Deciduous male catkins are 0.8 to 1.2 in. Refer to the publication High yield hybrid poplar plantations in the Pacific Northwest for detailed information on plantation culture. It is generally perpetuated in such environments by recurring floods. Voles and mice cause serious losses on grassy or herbaceous sites. Both Cottonwood Trees and Willow Trees produce their own rooting hormone, called auxin. Weight Black cottonwood weighs about 46 lb/ft3 when green and 24/ft3 at 12 percent moisture content (MC). Influence of soil water on the physiological and morphological components of plant water balance in Populus trichocarpa, Populus deltoides and their F1 hybrids. where black cottonwood is known to propagate and grow. Take cuttings from a Black Cottonwood tree. Considering its productivity, vegetative reproduction, and low risk of being affected by damaging agents, it is a suitable species for intensive management on flooded sites. DeBELL, D.S. This is because cottonwood absorbs the adhesive more readily than other hardwoods. USDA Forest Service, Washington D.C. Agriculture Handbook 654. Black Cottonwood grew at about 4 times the rate of Carolina Poplar and side-wood cuttings grew vigorously, but in both species best results were obtained from 6-in. It reaches from the Pacific Ocean to the Rocky Mountains. Lumber and veneer are often considered to be of relatively low quality and are used primarily for cores in plywood or interior furniture parts. Interactions with Wildlife Because of its large size and relatively long life, black cottonwood is a superior wildlife tree in riparian areas. Types of material Uses Cottonwood is used for veneer, pulp, pallets, interior case good parts, boxes, crates, moulding (painted), and studs. Geographic Range Black cottonwood grows from Kodiak Island in Alaska (lat 62°N) to northern Baja California (lat 31°N), and eastward to the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, Montana, and Canada. It is made into a tea and used as a wash for sprains, inflammation, muscle pains etc. Physical properties of black cottonwood and balsam poplar. long; female catkins are 3 to 8 in. Ref… Heartwood is classed as moderately difficult to penetrate with wood preservatives. SACHSSE, H. 1975. Dean S. DeBell. 1986. long when mature, and bear seed in capsulate fruits 0.2 to 0.32 in. Demand for black cottonwood lumber is occasionally good. Longer rotations require thinning to maintain diameter growth. These came from a sixty year old plus tree. KELLOGG, R.M., and E.P. Live stakes are sections of branches without twigs or leaves that may be pounded directly into very soft soil. Cut twigs into short pieces (1″-2″ long) and place into a pail. Photo of fascine installation below. Typical spacings for pulpwood rotations are 6 X 6 ft to 7 X 10 ft, which accommodate tractors. Because of its low density, cottonwood does not readily split during nailing. SWAN. 1992. Black cottonwood is harvested and used -for lumber, veneer, and fiber products. Last measured in April, 2008, this black cottonwood was found to be standing at 155 ft (47 m) tall, 29 ft (8.8 m) around, with 527 points. Take cuttings from a Black Cottonwood tree. Tolerance, Crown Position Black cottonwood is intolerant of shade. Plant with the top bud just above ground level and make sure the soil doesn't dry out. Black cottonwood produces in a short time (?30 years) high yields of wood suitable for mechanical pulping. Fungal diseases are a significant threat. & Gray. Stand Management Diameter growth of black cottonwood is very responsive to increased growing space. Most of the interest in the productivity of managed stands is focused on the intensive cultivation of selected clones or hybrids, in which case productivity is quite dependent on the clone under specific conditions. Photo above. Mechanical Properties Black cottonwood is a weak wood that is rarely used in applications where high strength is required. Brayshaw) By Forest Jay Gauna. Mechanized harvesting is quite suitable for typical plantations on agricultural lands (fiber farms). Read on for more cottonwood tree facts. Availability varies over time. Cottonwoods commonly occur in mixed stands as scattered, emergent trees, with crowns far above associated species. Black Cottonwood. 1992. Black cottonwood is a large deciduous tree belonging to the willow family (Salicaceae). College of ForestryOregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-5704 Phone: 541-737-2004owic@oregonstate.edu................... Oregon Producers and Users of Black Cottonwood, High yield hybrid poplar plantations in the Pacific Northwest, Forest Engineering, Resources & Management. Bundle of 50 live stakes ready for planting. Adhesives Cottonwood bonds easily with adhesives of a wide range of properties and under a wide range of gluing conditions. maximum). McLENNAN, D.S. Seed generally ripens in late May and June in the Northwest, and it is rapidly disseminated by wind and water. STRAUSS, and P.R. Shoots on cutting with larger top diameters appeared for buttcuts of willow was the correlation statistically significant. BRAATNE, J.H., T.M. Tree Planters Notes 43(3):81-86. 2 ABSTRACT Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. Background pavers in the picture are 6 inches square. Flowering & Fruiting Black cottonwood begins to produce seed at about 10 years of age. Oxidative stains are sometimes present in cottonwood. Cuttings will be wrapped with moist paper towel in plastic/bubble wrap and sentvia first class mail. HEILMAN, P.E., and F.G. XIE. Much of the precipitation may fall as snow. Management should target a spacing regime that produces optimal growth, while maintaining benefits of crowding in young cottonwood stands. To maintain other species with cottonwood, spacing and proportion of the super-dominant cottonwood must be controlled. When fresh and fully mature, the fruit is 5 mm in diameter and dark red and contains a single seed, like all drupes. Viability is usually high, although it is often short-lived. Seed Black cottonwood seeds are minute, and are tufted with cottony hairs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16:491-496. Timber Inventory The largest inventory of black cottonwood is in Washington, where it is third in total volume after red alder and bigleaf maple (Appendix 1, Table 1). (108 in. Advantages of an effective weed control program for Populus hybrids. Propagation Method Black cottonwood propagates both by seed and through vegetative means (1, 5, Many kinds of wildlife use the foliage, twigs, and buds for food, and the tree is planted for shade and in windbreaks and shelter­ belts. Black cottonwood. Cytospora canker (C. chrysosperma) is common in natural forests and may be a threat to regeneration from cuttings. The minimum live stake order quantity is 50 stakes. Olympia WA 98507 Black cottonwood has been successfully sawn into lumber and peeled for veneer. A better Best results in planing were obtained with a hook angle of 15°. Seedbeds must remain moist for up to 1 month for good germination and establishment. Repeated coppicing is quite successful. Propagation Goal (Options: Plants, Cuttings, Seeds, Bulbs, Somatic Embryos, and/or Other Propagules): Black cottonwood grows from a seed or cutting; it grows into a tree (1). 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